Nursing Research Chapter 3
The Building Blocks of Research:
1. The faces and places of Research: When researchers address a problem or answer a question through disciplined research-regardless of the underlying paradigm-they are doing a study (or an investigation or research project). Studies with humans involve two sets of people: 1) those that do the research, 2) those who provide the information.
2. The people who provide information to researchers (investigators) in a study are referred to as subjects, study participants or respondents in quantitative research or study participants or informants in qualitative research; collectively they comprise the sample. Read more
Thursday, July 8, 2010
Nursing Research
Types Of Research Report
Types of research reports are these and dissertations, books, conference presentations, and journal articles.
A. Presentations at Professional Conferences:
1. Oral presentations follow a format similar to that used in journal articles. The presenter is typically allotted 10 to 20 minutes to describe key features of the study.
2. In poster sessions, many researchers simultaneously present visual displays summarizing their studies, and conference attendees circulate around the room perusing these display.
Conference presentations are important avenue for communicating research research information.
Read more
Types of research reports are these and dissertations, books, conference presentations, and journal articles.
A. Presentations at Professional Conferences:
1. Oral presentations follow a format similar to that used in journal articles. The presenter is typically allotted 10 to 20 minutes to describe key features of the study.
2. In poster sessions, many researchers simultaneously present visual displays summarizing their studies, and conference attendees circulate around the room perusing these display.
Conference presentations are important avenue for communicating research research information.
Read more
Nursing Research Ethic
Ethic and Research
Ethical concepts are especially prominent in nursing research because the line of demarcation between what constitutes the expected practice of nursing and the collection of research data can sometimes get blurred. Furthermore, ethics can create particular challenges because ethical requirements sometimes conflict with the need to produce high-quality evidence for practice. Read more
Ethical concepts are especially prominent in nursing research because the line of demarcation between what constitutes the expected practice of nursing and the collection of research data can sometimes get blurred. Furthermore, ethics can create particular challenges because ethical requirements sometimes conflict with the need to produce high-quality evidence for practice. Read more
Monday, July 5, 2010
Research Problem
Research Problems and Paradigms: Researchers usually identify a broad topic, narrow the scope of the problem, and then identify questions consistent with a paradigm of choice. Quantitative studies usually involve concepts that are fairly well developed, about which there is an existing body of literature, and for which reliable methods of measurement have been (or can be) developed. Read more
Purpose of Research
Purpose of Research Literature Reviews: Literature reviews can inspire new research ideas, and help to lay the foundation for studies. A literature review is a crucial early task for most quantitative researchers. Researchers usually summarize relevant literature in the introduction to their reports, regardless of when they perform the literature research. Read more
Thursday, June 24, 2010
Key Research
Understanding Key Research Challenges
Researchers face numerous conceptual, ethical, and methodology challenges that must be considered in critiquing a study. The manner in which methodology challenges are met effects the interferences that can be made.
• Inference:
An Inference is a conclusion draw from the study evidence based on the methods used to generate that evidence. Inference is he attempt to come to conclusions based on limited information. Researchers want their inferences to correspond to the truth.
• Reliability:
Reliability (a key challenge in quantitative research) refers to the accuracy and consistency of information obtained in a study. Validity is a more complex concept that broadly concerns the soundness of the study’s evidence-that is, whether the findings are cogent, convincing, and well grounded.
• Trustworthiness:
Trustworthiness in qualitative research encompasses several different dimensions, including credibility, depend ability, confirm ability, transferability, and authenticity.
• Credibility:
Credibility is achieved to the extent that the qualitative methods engender confidence in the truth of the data and in the researcher’s interpretations of the data. Triangulation, the use of multiple sources of referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth, is one approach to establishing credibility.
• Bias:
A bias is an influence that produces a distortion in the study research. Systemic bias results when a bias is consistent across participants or situations.
• Research control:
In quantitative studies, research control is used to hold constant outside influences on the dependent variable so that the relationships between the independent and dependent variables can be better understood.
Researchers seek to control confounding (or extraneous) variables-variables that are extraneous to the purpose of specific study.
• Randomness:
For quantitative researchers, randomness-having certain features of the study established by chance rather than by design or personal preference-is a powerful tool to eliminate bias.
• Masking:
Masking (or blinding) is sometimes is used to avoid biases stemming from participants or research agents awareness of study hypotheses or research status. Single-blind studies involve making for one group (e.g. participants) and double-blind studies involve masking two groups.
• Reflexivity:
Reflexivity, the process of reflecting critically on the self and of scrutinizing personal values that could affect data collection and interpretation, is an important tool in qualitative research.
• Generalizability:
Generalizability in a quantitative study concerns the extent to which the findings can be applied to other groups and settings. A similar concept in qualitative studies is transferability, the extent to which qualitative findings can be transferred to other settings. One mechanism for promoting transferability is thick description, the rich and thorough description of the research setting or context so that others can mke inferences about contextual similarities.
Researchers face numerous conceptual, ethical, and methodology challenges that must be considered in critiquing a study. The manner in which methodology challenges are met effects the interferences that can be made.
• Inference:
An Inference is a conclusion draw from the study evidence based on the methods used to generate that evidence. Inference is he attempt to come to conclusions based on limited information. Researchers want their inferences to correspond to the truth.
• Reliability:
Reliability (a key challenge in quantitative research) refers to the accuracy and consistency of information obtained in a study. Validity is a more complex concept that broadly concerns the soundness of the study’s evidence-that is, whether the findings are cogent, convincing, and well grounded.
• Trustworthiness:
Trustworthiness in qualitative research encompasses several different dimensions, including credibility, depend ability, confirm ability, transferability, and authenticity.
• Credibility:
Credibility is achieved to the extent that the qualitative methods engender confidence in the truth of the data and in the researcher’s interpretations of the data. Triangulation, the use of multiple sources of referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth, is one approach to establishing credibility.
• Bias:
A bias is an influence that produces a distortion in the study research. Systemic bias results when a bias is consistent across participants or situations.
• Research control:
In quantitative studies, research control is used to hold constant outside influences on the dependent variable so that the relationships between the independent and dependent variables can be better understood.
Researchers seek to control confounding (or extraneous) variables-variables that are extraneous to the purpose of specific study.
• Randomness:
For quantitative researchers, randomness-having certain features of the study established by chance rather than by design or personal preference-is a powerful tool to eliminate bias.
• Masking:
Masking (or blinding) is sometimes is used to avoid biases stemming from participants or research agents awareness of study hypotheses or research status. Single-blind studies involve making for one group (e.g. participants) and double-blind studies involve masking two groups.
• Reflexivity:
Reflexivity, the process of reflecting critically on the self and of scrutinizing personal values that could affect data collection and interpretation, is an important tool in qualitative research.
• Generalizability:
Generalizability in a quantitative study concerns the extent to which the findings can be applied to other groups and settings. A similar concept in qualitative studies is transferability, the extent to which qualitative findings can be transferred to other settings. One mechanism for promoting transferability is thick description, the rich and thorough description of the research setting or context so that others can mke inferences about contextual similarities.
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